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INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF A HARD DISK DRIVE

It should first be mentioned that the internal components of a hard disk are very sensitive
to dust, debris and fingerprints.  It only takes a small amount of dust on the surface of
the platters to destroy all of the data on the hard disk.  For this reason, a hard disk
should never be opened unless in a clean room environment. 
 

Drive Casing
The drive casing is the rectangular shaped box that holds all of the internal components
of the hard disk.  A cover mounts to the casing using multiple screws.


Spindle
The spindle rotates the platters at a certain speed measured in RPM. 


Actuator Arm

The actuator arm (also called the read/write arm) contains read/write heads near the end
of the arm.  It is the actuator arm that helps position the read/write heads at the correct location on the platter to read the data.  The heads never actually touch the platters
when accessing the data.  They function at approximately 5 microns above the surface
of the platter. 


Platters
In the center of the hard disk, there are platters which hold all of the data on the hard
disk.  A disk can contain one or more platters depending on the capacity.  Platters are
round with a hole in the center- similar to a record used on a record player.  A spindle
with a motor holds the platters together and rotates them at a certain speed measured
in RPM (revolutions per minute).  This creates air pressure that lifts the read/write heads
off the platters.


Actuator

The actuator moves the actuator arm to the correct position on the platters using voice
coils motivated by electric currents.  When no electric current is being received, the actuator causes the actuator arm to place the read/write heads in the parked position.


Ribbon Cable
This cable attaches the read/write heads to the controller board.

 




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